El universo en la actualidad

Thanks to particle colliders, we began to understand the fundamental matter that makes up the universe. Particles combine to form new particles grouped into families: Fermions, Bosons, Quarks, Hadrons, Mesons, etc., all with their corresponding antiparticle. In the approximately, 13.8 billion years the universe is estimated to have, we can observe a particle: the photon, which has remained as a energy carriage since the beginning. This energy field, as it interacts with different particles in our environment, can transform and, under certain processes, convert into matter — photon to electron and usable mass — though that direct conversion is more complex and depends on specific conditions.

CURRENLY

Current map of our universe: it is estimated that there are between 100 and 200 billion galaxies, and between 100 and 1000 billion stars per galaxy. Although the Milky Way is located at the center, that does not mean we are the center of the universe; it is where the 2MASS telescope scanned from. The different colors reflect the Doppler effect: galaxies moving away from us appear red, while those approaching are blue.

All the particles that make up the universe have their corresponding antiparticle. Practically we only know about 5% of its composition.

LHC

The Hadron Collider, located between Switzerland and France, is a 27 km tunnel with a circumference, buried between 50 and 175 meters, composed of 1,650 superconducting magnets at -271 °C. The ATLAS particle detector is over 50 meters tall.

In this diagram we can observe the different uses that this small energy carrier provides us. We are only able to detect its effects, organized, and the rest with suitable measuring devices in small radiation sectors. In the infrared we notice heat; the radiation part marked as visible we can see because its wavelength in this sector is the same as the detectors in our eyes. In ultraviolet it allows us to go from tanned skin to skin damaged by excessive exposure to this radiation, and in X-rays, Gamma rays, and cosmic rays, we find that its energy is still too high, destroying our cells when it impacts them.

RVM

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