Symbolically equivalent to grotto, or cave, from the Greek Kruptos "hidden", birthplace of gods and goddesses. Also used as places of worship, they still survive today in the architecture of the apses of Roman churches. In many initiation traditions, the rites begin with an entry into a cavern, from which monsters emerge, signifies the world of the unconscious, of which the human being is a prisoner, for in its depths we confine all that we are unable to assimilate. Those who want to see the light must enter the cave and confront its monsters. The goddess Cybele, of Phrygian origin, is described as an androgynous deity who emerged from the earth, her cult was celebrated in caves and was linked to fertility, so caves and caverns were associated with the female womb, as a symbol of fertility. In paintings, when a cave is depicted with water, it alludes to life, without water and with a candle almost consumed or a skull in the ground refers to death. A cave with one or more animals and a person facing each other is an allegory of death. The best-known allegory of the cave is of Plato (428 BC), Greek philosopher, disciple of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, describes a cave in Book VII of the Republic, and on a wall facing the interior there are some people bound from birth, so that they can only see the bottom of the cavern. Behind the wall there is a fire, symbolising the light of knowledge and some people projecting Chinese shadows on the wall, this is the only thing the prisoners can see, and they take these shadows as reality, for they have known nothing else in all their lives. One day one of these prisoners’ escapes and coming out of the cave he sees that there is another reality, he goes back and explains it to his companions who mock him and don't want to accompany him. The shelter of the cave and the regret of the unknown, don’t allow them to move even if their chains are cut off. This allegory, examined from an epistemological point of view, is a metaphor for the human being and the society around him, perfectly applicable to today's world, where humanity is represented by the prisoners, lined up and held by the chains of their own ignorance, and the false convictions inculcated by the shadows cast by certain media, dominated by ideological interests. As J. Goebbels said, a lie repeated a thousand times becomes the truth. Survival does not allow us to stop for a moment to analyse each news item and find out its real meaning.
PLATO’S CAVE
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