It is not possible to define these festivities symbolically. History, myth, legend, and symbols have been exchanged between cultures, by affinity and sometimes by imposition, in an evolutionary (or involutionary) process, with strong consumerist connotations. Ancient cultures in one way or another already celebrated the passing of the winter equinox, the sun rose earlier, and the day began to grow longer. The Roman people were the ones who gave more relevance to these periods, on the one hand at this time they already celebrated the so-called Saturnal festivities with different customs such as freeing a slave, then at meals with family and friends, they exchanged gifts. A few days later they celebrated the beginning of the new year in honour of the god Janus, this was a god of Indo-European origin and in Rome he was considered the god of the beginning of all things and all doors were consecrated to him, the first day of the year was dedicated to him and later the first month took his name Januarius (January for us). He was depicted with two opposite faces, one facing forward and one backward, with a key in his hands or a key and a rod. By the 3rd century AD the emperor Aurelius declared December 25 a feast of the undefeated sun Natalis Solis Invictus, (in Julius Caesar's calendar, in the year 45 BC the winter solstice coincided with the 25th of the Gregorian calendar). Towards the 4th century, Emperor Constantine, needing to Christianise the empire and not being able to suppress all the pagan festivals, reoriented them towards Christianity. The exact date of the birth of Jesus was not known, nor is it known, and it was fixed on 25 December. Pope Liberius decreed it official in 354, the feast of the Nativity of Jesus, although in 325, the date of the Council of Nicaea, the Church of Alexandria already celebrated it on the 25th, under the name of Dies Nativitatis et Epifaníae. Likewise, the solstitial feasts were left to the two Saints John and John the Evangelist on the winter solstice and John the Baptist on the summer solstice. Pope Noel (St. Nicholas of Bari), when his parents died, distributed his entire fortune among the needy and entered the priesthood. He was known for helping the most needy and mainly children, patron saint of several nations and especially venerated in Holland, where on his name day, the sixth of December, there was the custom of giving presents to the little ones, in the 17th century the Dutch settlers went to America together with their traditions, his name with Dutch phonetically sounded sinterklaas, Father Christmas for the Americans, and finally the Coca-Cola house, with its marketing gave him the current appearance, with the white and red colours of its brand. In 1843 the Londoner Sir Henry Cole made it fashionable to send greetings to friends with a printed card reading "I wish you a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year".
INVICTUS SUN
RVM