Who has never observed these figures, usually monstrous, which are present mainly in cathedrals? They are also found in many other Gothic and Baroque buildings, even reaching Modernism due to the enthusiasm that was had at the end of the 19th century for the Neo-Gothic. Gargoyles are more mythological than symbolic beings, of grotesque and twisted forms, most of them representing evil in all its polymorphic features worthy of the worst nightmares. Why are they there? Which is their function? Architecturally, they are ornamental drains to evacuate rainwater and protrude to prevent erosion of the walls. But this does not seem to be its only function; the Greeks used as decoration an animal consecrated to the god Apollo, called Griffin, with had the head and the wings of an eagle and the body of a lion and spitted water out of its mouth. But it was not until the late 12th century, with the passage from the Romanesque to the Gothic, that the cathedrals adopted the figures we know today as Gargoyles, a word derived from the French "gargoullier" by the noise made by the water. If we look more closely, not all the figures on the outside of a cathedral are gargoyles, we find them in the Cathedral of Barcelona, but where you can see more is on Nôtre Dame de Paris, rebuilt in the 18th century by the architect Viollet-le- Duc, a firm supporter of the restoration that restores the original state of the building. These chimerical figures called Apotropaicas of the Greek "Apotrepein" (to move away), are in a surveillance position and with attitude to jump on the intruder, and to expel from the temple the evil forces. A very old superstition that persists today, is to spit to avoid and counteract the evils that others may wish us, is one of the interpretations of why gargoyles draw water from the mouth. Only in Barcelona, Norbert Font i Sagué invented about two hundred Gothic, some of them, a very few, are anthropomorphic. In the US in the late 1990s, the works of Washington National Cathedral were being completed, and while making the gargoyles they considered that one of the most evil beings that frightened them most at that time was Darth Vader, the obscure character in the film " Star Wars", and they didn't think twice at placing their gargoyle-shaped head on the north-east tower of the cathedral. We can also find an alien in Paisley Abbey in Scotland and Gremlins in the church of Bethlemm in Nantes,France.
THE GARGOYLES
RVM