Who
has
never
observed
these
figures,
usually
monstrous,
which
are
present
mainly
in
cathedrals?
They
are
also
found
in
many
other
Gothic
and
Baroque
buildings,
even
reaching
Modernism
due
to
the
enthusiasm
that was had at the end of the 19th century for the Neo-Gothic.
Gargoyles
are
more
mythological
than
symbolic
beings,
of
grotesque
and
twisted
forms,
most
of
them
representing
evil
in
all
its
polymorphic
features
worthy
of
the
worst
nightmares.
Why
are
they
there?
Which
is
their
function?
Architecturally,
they
are
ornamental
drains
to
evacuate
rainwater
and
protrude
to
prevent
erosion
of
the
walls.
But
this
does
not
seem
to
be
its
only
function;
the
Greeks
used
as
decoration
an
animal
consecrated
to
the
god
Apollo,
called
Griffin,
with
had
the
head
and
the
wings
of
an
eagle
and
the
body
of
a
lion
and
spitted
water
out
of
its
mouth.
But
it
was
not
until
the
late
12th
century,
with
the
passage
from
the
Romanesque
to
the
Gothic,
that
the
cathedrals
adopted
the
figures
we
know
today
as
Gargoyles,
a
word
derived
from
the
French
"gargoullier" by the noise made by the water.
If
we
look
more
closely,
not
all
the
figures
on
the
outside
of
a
cathedral
are
gargoyles,
we
find
them
in
the
Cathedral
of
Barcelona,
but
where
you
can
see
more
is
on
Nôtre
Dame
de
Paris,
rebuilt
in
the
18th
century
by
the
architect
Viollet-le-
Duc,
a
firm
supporter
of
the
restoration
that
restores the original state of the building.
These
chimerical
figures
called
Apotropaicas
of
the
Greek
"Apotrepein"
(to
move
away),
are
in
a
surveillance
position
and
with
attitude
to
jump
on
the
intruder,
and
to
expel
from
the
temple
the
evil
forces.
A
very
old
superstition
that
persists
today,
is
to
spit
to
avoid
and
counteract
the
evils
that
others
may
wish
us,
is
one
of
the
interpretations
of
why
gargoyles draw water from the mouth.
Only
in
Barcelona,
Norbert
Font
i
Sagué
invented
about
two
hundred
Gothic,
some
of
them,
a
very
few,
are
anthropomorphic.
In
the
US
in
the
late
1990s,
the
works
of
Washington
National
Cathedral
were
being
completed,
and
while
making
the
gargoyles
they
considered
that
one
of
the
most
evil
beings
that
frightened
them
most
at
that
time
was
Darth
Vader,
the
obscure
character
in
the
film
"
Star
Wars",
and
they
didn't
think
twice
at
placing
their
gargoyle-shaped
head
on
the
north-east
tower
of
the
cathedral.
We
can
also
find
an
alien
in
Paisley
Abbey
in
Scotland and Gremlins in the church of Bethlemm in Nantes,France.
THE GARGOYLES